Why is there air pollution

Its like smoking in pubs and all the other anti-social things we do. Our own pleasure principle will for most people override morality. So climate scientist and policy makers are still flying round the world preaching, its so much easier to tell other people what to do, rather than change yourself. In an agent-based model this would be individuals with relative levels of ability in moderating their own comfort levels.

Instead of getting angry and full of dismay, just see the fundamental lesson - humans are not rationale, and made of weak morale fiber.

Only point in writing this clumbsy post is because its dawned on me, there's no political conspiracy (by for instance Oxford County Council), its just 'people'. Sure the most selfish polluting group is the English HillBilly (you know who I mean) but its not their fault, they are just weak...

Go meta :-)

Jacob Burkhardt

"The essence of tyranny is the denial of complexity". -Jacob Burkhardt

We have to clean up our arguments, but never believe we are absolutely right. Its all a process, never ending, and we'd do well to lift just one grain of sand onto the pile during our whole life.

"That same human mind is at a crucial point in its evolution. We can consciously think abstractly. But not very well. The part of our mind we're conscious of, and that we usually identify with as "me", typically has an extremely inflated idea of its own worth and its own independent existence. That despite that it can only solve extremely simple problems, and it doesn't even know how. It over-simplifies everything, and it tends to think it is in charge."

http://ming.tv/flemming2.php/__show_article/_a000010-001853.htm

The Science of Sleep

Without happiness, when reality is too complex, the mind works overtime in sleep. Stephan meets Stephanie, and like jigsaw pieces they fall together and ride off together on a horse, then sail off into the sunset.

The 'critics' say its all disorientating, but I think they are concentrating too hard. Like Mulholland Drive it is what it is. And all that can ever be is what the watcher makes of it.

Good luck to the dream state, let's just hope these minds were still pliable enough, and the world was kind.

Emergence of instituions through game playing - Csikszentmihalyi on Huizinga

as paraphrased by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi :

the 'serious' institutions that constitute society - science, the law, the arts, religion and even the armed forces - all started out as games, as contexts in which people could play and experience the enjoyment of goal-directed action. Science, for instance, Huizinga claimed, has spontaneously evolved in every culture as games of riddling in which individuals test their memory, their knowledge of facts and relationships, in public contests against other riddlers - a perhaps primitive, but highly enjoyable, display of knowledge.

Motivation - Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi

The solution is to gradually become free of societal rewards and learn how to substitute for them rewards that are under one's own powers. This is not to say that we should abandon every goal endorsed by society; rather, it means that, in addition to or instead of the goals others use to bribe us with, we develop a set of our own.

Julien Donkey-Boy

Another Dogma film using the wobbly camera and extreme editing to bring together a dizzying narrative. I have no idea if this really gets into the head of a schizophrenic but it certainly shows a terrifying existence, or set of existences as the case is with this family. Dogma films tend to be harrowing, glib and avoid sensation and this succeeds in following the tradition (the idiots, mi fune etc). I enjoyed this film but would really need to build up to watching it again, the more I concentrate on it the more disturbing it would become. When you dare to burst your own bubble and really see life from other people's perspective it can be horrific - when the other people are this extreme its hard to resist withdrawing forever.

What-a-day

Well, as the news is plastered with an every-second account of the current floods, myself and a friend decided to go see what's happening first hand. I hope it isn't Schadenfreude that brings such glee to my face when these type of things happen - it all seems so exciting. I think it is more the fact that I love water. In fact it seems I love water so much that I took a nose dive over my handlebars into the Thames.Anyway, 6am tomorrow will be the peak flow of water through Oxford, so let's see what happens.

The Ring of Nibelungs

This is the film based on the Germanic myth "Das Nibelungenlied" and the Nordic "Volsunga Saga" that inspired both Tolkein's Lord of the Rings and an opera by Wagner. Okay, this is not a great directing or acting showcase but the story is epic and rousing. There's an old gods being taken over by Christianity theme (I think) but not well done. Nevertheless, a good attempt, I just wish these epics could be done better. I love the lack of 'hollywood-ending', the playfulness and the way the story is not dressed.

Beautiful Boxer

What a touching true tale. Unbelievable in some ways, but then you have to ask yourself why would this not happen. The picture shows Asanee Suwan playing Nong Toom or Parinya Charoenphol as she is now known. Nong was the thai boxing champion, Parinya is now a famous acress. This is a tocuhingly innocent account of the tortures faced by a boy who since childhood wanted to be a girl and how the Thai sense of destiny let this happen without too much hatred and pride spilling over.

Douglas Adams in Hitchhikers's Guide to the Galaxy

Many were increasingly of the opinion that they'd all made a big mistake in coming down from the trees in the first place. And some said that even the trees had been a bad move, and that no one should ever have left the oceans.
And then, one Thursday, nearly two thousand years after one man had been nailed to a tree for saying how great it would be to be nice to people for a change, one girl sitting on her own in a small cafe in Rickmansworth suddenly realized what it was that had been going wrong all this time, and she finally knew how the world could be made a good and happy place. This time it was right, it would work, and no one would have to get nailed to anything.
Sadly, however, before she could get to a phone to tell anyone about it, a terribly stupid catastrophe occurred, and the idea was lost forever.

300

This is a film about creating a myth about the myth about the Spartans. They were a pretty tough bunch of warrior men who could the knock the arses of those namby pamby slightly camp Persians (see Xerxes left!) In battle they could see off armies, elephants, and strange hunchback giants with their swords, shields and big shiny teeth.

This is a film of comic book genre, think Sin City stroked with a smattering of Apocalypto. Its for teenage boy who likes video games and to feel harder than he really is. I loved it! I did flinch a bit at the Neo-Conservative mindset on parade and my paranoid mind wondered if the republican party or the US army might have funded its production.

I think there was a little bit of history in there with the Spartans holding off the Persians until the other Greek city-states joined forces to open the can of whip-ass (again, George Bush?) those marauders from the East deserve.

Uninspired

Almost empty blog.

Kangaku

Probably the best part of my intellectual life in Oxford are my kangaku lunches with three others who love thinking about the future of education. Okay we have a strong bias towards the application of technology but its all sincere and based on our love of learning. Of late its been about so-called MMOs or software that promotes mass participation e.g. Flickr, World of Warcraft and Second Life.

We are four in Kangaku and we are equally divided between two positions (probably based on our backgrounds: hard and soft sciences). When we look at technology we can focus on (a) its effects on society (b) the quality it gives to our ability to represent or explain. I am in the latter, I tend to tune out when we hypothesize about how a blog entry gets into a national newspaper; wow I think, so what. So knowledge is moving with new dynamics, maybe faster, maybe through new social networks. There is no paradigm shift, just more of the similar.

For me its about re-representation as they taught me at Sussex, and specifically it is our ability to explain with more than natural language. What I dream of is a language of graphical simulation, a language that is easy to learn and tuned for the understanding of complex systems. In fact I will be bolder, it is a language that moves the zeitgeist towards a 'common sense' that understands everything is a complex system - there are no simple solutions, no black and white heuristics just a world that we can only strive to understand and represent but will of course never get there.

The more we learn the less we know we understand. The rate limiting step in our education system is our ability to represent and so explain. Society is dying to tear itself away from the paper and pen, we are at a juncture, a time when we will enter the simulation and begin the complete representation of knowledge, the rationalisation of words into properties, algorithms and graphics. After a librarian stage we'll then pass through into a period of great experimentation as a feeling meaningless consumes us - once we've re-represented everything we'll have a game that won't take very long to play. This is the time when we'll re-surface from the halting machine and open our eyes again to take a large new batch of empirical information.

Into Great Silence

A Christian monastery is the home of a great many love affairs with god. A couple of extremely funny scenes punctuate the solemnity of the strange habits that dress the inner walls. Its a little clearer why people do this religion thing - they are in love with the god sensation. If I think with tradition in mind then the concept scares me, with wanting to hide from the world then its a little more like disgust, if I think these people are getting out there too and spreading a little more humanity and reminding us all about heart...then I am okay with it. I don't understand how cutting yourself off and worshipping an old text can ever help do this.

I see the point of silence though. We live in an ever-more distracting world, messages everywhere.

Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter and Spring Again

This is a gentle film about a boy growing up with a Buddhist Monk. They live on a floating island in a tranquil lake. It is a meditation on cruelty, lust, revenge, repentance and then much more aside. Snakes, fish, a frog, a cat, and a statue of Buddha all intermingle with calligraphy and mantras. A veritable soup of spiritual charm.

Cohort manager

In a special Kangaku group at Oxford we've been fielding ideas around the ideas of the University in society. What are educational organisations for? To me a central tenet must be to facilitating dialogue that at least maintains a culture, and perhaps even refines and generates new horizons.

To do this every mind is precious, cohort management is central. To explore the problem space we need every brain to connect in some way.

Specialisation, a lack of interdisciplinary research is rotting our our schools. Paranoia is being created by examination authorities and funding bodies (answering to (tabloid) voters). These create academic hierarchies and break down the levels of coordination we need to explore problems efficiently, and to do this we must be creative.

So back to practicalities. Groups are being formed on the Internet where people are collaborating. These groups and not formed according to any rules or constitution. This means the optimal social dynamic cannot be formed. The web despite intuition is extremely selective and discriminatory. This is the idea of a new web tool, to apply rules to cohort creation that allows people to create groups according to well-understood rules. Groups will be inclusive.

The stumbling block: we never know who anyone is on the web...this is a detail, something that can be ameliorated fairly easily. Trust can be established on the web.

Technology Paradigm Shift

It seems to me we are at the cusp of a technology revolution. For a long time we have been making digital equivalents of the postal service + filing cabinet + telephone. Things have become significantly faster but essentially very little has really changed. We're doing the same things faster.

A paradigm shift will happen when we begin to represent and re-represent knowledge in qualitatively new ways. It seems to me there is a big difference between 100 people writing a 100 articles on a theme compared to 100 people creating one simulation that efficiently represents the complexity of a system.

The paradigm shift will come when intellect overtakes (once again) ego and pictorial representation re-gains ground from sentential systems of explanation.

The diagram is becoming worth many millions of words.

The Ultimate in Project Management

I am on a management course at work, I am managing loads of project deliverable-s, and writing many proposals...but all this is superficial compared to the project of turning a house into a home. At work the meaning of milestones, tasks and sub-tasks, budgeting and delivering all have some resonance but hardly feature when compared to turning an old Georgian build into something more modern (perhaps?) Architecture effects us in complex ways, I know what I like but visualising what would work at number 42 is just about the most difficult task I have known. I've been here two months now and I am basically paralysed by the enormity of the effort. Where to start, how to deal with the unknowns, which bits to do myself, how to get help, budgeting, scale, scope - oh my word!

But all the books say wait a year, build up ideas and then off you go; and it will be enjoyable. I certainly think I should wait because I have had loads of convincing ideas that I known think of as stupid. The main downside though, like relationships, homes have the unavoidable side-effect of making you think long term - never a nice feeling. What will I like in 5, 10, 30 years? Indeed! One thing is for certain, I cannot believe I am mature and rich enough to actually own enough space that I could, if I chose to indulge, have my own table tennis table!

Emerging

Weather and climate

About 15 years ago Chaos Theory and the Butterfly Effect entered into the public consciousness. The crux of it to me was the idea behind sensitive dependence, how a small change in one part of the system can cause a large change in another. One of the stories told was that the flutter of a butterfly wing in europe could trigger a hurricane in the US Gulf.

These ideas entered my head again at a climate modelling talk this week. Modelling climate is about creating heuristics that realistic describe the climate in the past and so can then be used to extrapolate to climate in the future.

Climate is the net result of many weather systems interacting. Cloud cover, ocean currents, gaseous sulphates and so on. Hundreds of parameters producing billions of possibilities producing these kinds of graphs.

Alexander Pope

And, spite of Pride, in erring Reason's spite,
One truth is clear, 'Whatever is, is right.'

From An Essay on Man, Epistle 1

Another reminder that the truth is all there is, and we should be too proud to admit we have been deluded.

And of course this is in rhyme one of those, iambic pentameter,
How clever of Pope, to say it so in meter long lineage heroic.

Kung Fu Hustle

Now this film was a startling surprise. Without much thought I'd written it off as some kind of cheap Jacky Chan nonsense, but no, its hilarious, dramatic, with great fights, myths and even a love story to boot. I think there are a few Asian motifs at play which I obviously haven't grown up with i.e. the significance of the toad but it doesn't matter. Its like a don't take yourself so seriously Matrix in gangster-land.

Life and the mean

From early maths lessons I remember there are three ways of measuring averages: mean, mode and median. I also remember upper and lower quartiles and have a vague recollection of standard deviation. I am no mathematician.

But I have done a lot of biology and one thing I am certain of is that life systems care very little about averages. Life is about maintaining equilibrium, and uses extremes to regulate and perform control operations between systems. I am referring to systems like hormone, nervous or immune regulation, where triggering happens when thresholds of chemicals are breached so invoking a response.

In the current debate on climate change the politicians are constantly referring to average temperature rises. Like in the body, this is largely irrelevant. It is the extremes we need to be worried about. We may well be able to survive a summer where the mean rise in temperature is 3 Celsius but what will happen if 1 of those days is 10 Celsius above the mean. The most recent heat waves have killed hundreds of thousands, and climate change seems to be promising even greater extremes.

The climatologists are under-egging the problem we face. Predictive models of future mean temperatures are not taking into account the seriousness of extreme cases. Life systems are extremely fragile, ecosystems are easily disrupted. Maybe there is a bacteria in the soil that is only just managing to out-compete a much more deadly one, a 10 Celsius rise on one day could wipe it out and an epidemic break out that kills all adults between 25-50. Then we'd be really screwed.

Edge cases are the most revealing when looking to the future. We're lacking imagination.

The Last King of Scotland

Beautifully shot, something akin to old grainy archive footage, this is a film about Idi Amin from the perspective of a naive recently graduated medical student. Amin is played superbly by Forest Whitaker and James McAvoy plays Nicholas Garrigan a young man out for fun and adventure but with small-town blinkers on with regards to the Africa he lands, fatefully right into the center of. Amin adopts Garrigan as his son and sets him up as his chief advisor and personal doctor. Garrigan lives in the lap of luxury while Amin sets about massacring his opposition.

Thankfully this certificate 15 does not save our sensibilities when it comes to portraying the brutality of Uganda in the 1970s. This aspect of censorship seems to have become more enlightened recently with Pan's Labyrinth and Apocolypto both showing us some horrific scenes. I am all for us being allowed to witness, from the comfort of our seats how sadistic the Atzecs, Nazis and here this corrupt African regime actually were. I believe in our tuning our minds to reality and in the case of art, our being reminded how ignorant and brutal we are all capable of being.

I am not sure how true an account of history this film is and with tone being so important in film then I am sure I have come away with a perverse sensation of the reality. With film being about good and bad too often this did at least allude to the idea that Amin was one of a long line of dictators in a bloodthirsty country. He died in Saudi Arabia, that is fact, and an interesting place to seek exile (from wikipedia entry):

In October 1978, Amin ordered the invasion of Tanzania while at the same time attempting to cover up an army mutiny. With the help of Libyan troops, Amin tried to annex the northern Tanzanian province of Kagera. Tanzania, under President Julius Nyerere, declared war on Uganda, then began a counterattack, enlisting the country's population of Ugandan exiles.

On 11 April 1979, Amin was forced to flee the capital, Kampala, when the Tanzanian army, aided by Ugandan exiles who had united as the Uganda National Liberation Army, took the city. Amin fled to exile, first to Libya, departing Uganda in a Bell UH-1 registered 5X-UWG, where sources are divided on whether he remained until December 1979 or early 1980, before finding final asylum in Saudi Arabia. He opened a bank account in Jeddah and resided there, subsisting on a government stipend. The new Ugandan government chose to keep him exiled, saying that Amin would face war crimes charges if he ever returned. The Saudi motive was to silence him because of the harm they believed he was doing to Islam.^{[citation needed]}

In 1989, Amin, who had always held that Uganda needed him, and who never expressed remorse for the abuses of his regime,^[9] attempted to return to Uganda, apparently to lead an armed group organised by Col. Juma Oris. He went as far as Kinshasa, Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo), where Zairian President Mobutu forced him to return to Saudi Arabia.

On 20 July 2003, one of his wives, Madina, reported that he was near death in a coma at the King Faisal specialist hospital in Jeddah. She pleaded with Uganda's president Yoweri Museveni that he might return to die in Uganda. The reply was that if he returned, he would have to "answer for his sins."

Idi Amin died in Saudi Arabia on 16 August 2003, and was buried in Ruwais cemetery in Jeddah. On 17 August 2003, David Owen told an interviewer for BBC Radio 4 that while he was the United Kingdom's Foreign Secretary (1977–1979), he had suggested to have Amin assassinated. His idea was directly rejected. Owen said: "Amin's regime was the worst of all. It's a shame that we allowed him to keep in power for so long."

Babel

It seems as though we've been treated to some incredible films lately: King Kong, Pan's Labyrinth, The Last King of Scotland and now this latest film by the director of Amores Perros, Alejandro González Iñárritu.

This is a rich tapestry of themes, never made too explicit, with stunning acting, powerful screenwriting and a wonderful soundtrack. Brad Pitt was good again but the star for me was Rinko Kikuchi whose portrayal of loneliness's is perfect.

On the themes then the obvious one is communication and the ways different cultures (including deaf communities) have evolved to express themselves, and hence the biblical reference in the film title. But for me this didn't stand out as very important. Globalisation is there, with the seemingly insignificant effect of the gift of a gun to a Moroccan guide triggering an international event where the Yanks over-react in the false-paternalistic Way as usual (American Dad). There's the trauma to a couple caused by a still-birth. There's the tear-your-hair out frustration of political borders, namely the US-Mexican (another one of Bush's favourite vote winners).

Although I think it cheating to make a film incredible with music, this film certainly did, and here we have Gustavo Santaolalla to thank.

I don't know if I am changing in the way I see films but this is another treat I feel I could just keep watching.

Cyberdisinhibition

According to Daniel Goleman the Internet degrades human interaction because it allows us to communicate in a way that bypasses normal communication protocols that control 'flaming' or losing ones temper.

This may account for my rant about Tony Blair earlier this week.

I was aware when writing I was going over the top but it felt good to do it. I am doing no harm (except perhaps to my own credibility) and it felt good to write in a 'disinhibited' way. Most of my rationale thoughts are in this post they are just not dressed up in neutral emotional language (words that disguise my anger).

Anyway, according to Goleman (author of Emotional Intelligence) the Internet and my mind cannot be in tune because humans have evolved to expect face-to-face feedback that regulates
emotional and social well-being.

I stand corrected. (Blair, I still think you are a tosser :-) ) Tourettes, shit, fukk, w******

Letter

Dear L Sanders,

I am writing to see if you can help me raise my concerns effectively regarding the Oxfordshire Transport Plan. I have been following the issue of air pollution in Oxford for a number of years and made enquiries (or tried to at least - a good 80% of local and national government officials seem to ignore emails) with members of the city council, county council, DEFRA and the local health organisations. This has all come to no avail.

The present situation regarding levels of Nitrogen Oxides and Ozone in Oxford are completely unacceptable. There is a proven severe health risk and the objectives that are supposed to be followed (as set by the EU and DEFRA) are being flagrantly ignored.

I would ask if you have not already to read the 2006 survey here which states that air quality is a top priority for residents of Oxford:

http://www.oxford.gov.uk/community/talkback-panel-reports.cfm

Then to read chapter 15 of the Oxfordshire County Transport Strategy amounts to Oxford's response to this requirement, EU and National government directives.

The first thing about the transport strategy you could notice is the poor spelling, quality of writing and the way that the authors have tucked away dealing with air quality to the last parts of each chapter throughout the report. Big words about the environment are used throughout but when you finally find some words that should amount to something more concrete there is nothing. What's more the language used ('may be a problem') flies in the face of the evidence on Oxford City Council's own web site:

http://www.oxford.gov.uk/environment/air-pollution.cfm

And according to National Statistics Oxford has some of the worst air quality in the UK (which can't leave it being one of the worst places anywhere).

Oxford is denying it has a problem. It is refusing to deal with it because it is stuck in some 1980s vision of the economy. It is still being ignorant enough to do what is right on some antiquated and frankly corrupt view of 'the economy'.

There is not a single economy, it is not a static concept. What the report is saying is that the version of 'the economy' which we subscribe to, our current vested interests considered is one where we feel we must continue polluting. And if you are wondering why I use the word corrupt it is simply because there is absolutely no indication of the cost to the NHS of the air pollution in the budget model, neither is their reference to macro-economic models such as the Stern report.

I would ask you as my representative within the local government to help me take these issues further. I regard this transport plan utterly unacceptable. I am determined that these bogus arguments are not allowed to come part of a strategy that fails to deal with real issues, and what's more costs residents of Oxford millions of pounds.

In short, I would like to organise a meeting with yourself or someone you feel better suited to deal with these concerns. I also stress that time is of the essence as far as I can work out this document is currently being reviewed by the national transport department. If my concerns are to have any effect then they will need to be raised with the right people at the earliest opportunity.

Yours sincerely,

Howard Noble

The true value of flying

We have to stop talking about economic growth and talk about something else, maybe product value. Why is it good to let the state sponsor flights? How did this form of transport gain such a high perceived value that it is seen almost as a service like the NHS?

TBC later...

"Economic growth" justifies everything

Take this for example:

"But the prime minister's approach has always been that you can't address the problem of climate change by harming the domestic or world economy."

The spokesman stressed that: "The best thing to do is to have a world economy which can afford to invest in research and development for new technology.

It just seems to be complete nonsense. What do these people think 'economy' means. In this case we're talking about air flight. How would stopping flying harm the economy? It makes no sense. If we can't fly and movement is essential to maintain innovation (the real source of economic growth) then we'd find new ways to move, and perhaps focus more on the transfer of ideas.

It seems we are at an impass. The world needs a new vision for what we think economy means but we're being totally unimaginative or stubborn to explore the possibilities. I am sure there are libraries full of such ideas but maybe an ethical and accountable economy is the next thing we can move towards?

Mr Blair: Why you, like the rest of us should moderate your flying habit

Tony Blair's comments today about why he does not plan to change his flying habits just about sum up the idiot. I mean do we ever expect a politician to show conviction, to believe their own rhetoric and act accordingly. I am ashamed at myself for not having a better word for people like this but Bitch just about says it all. These are the people who are pure mouth, who just weazel their way through life, taking as much as possible putting all forms of self-reflection way beneath their egos. Blair of course is a religious nut, living his life on a heavy coctail of faith and hope. Ignoring all the science, although he knows he still has to appear to be listening to the evidence because this noble class is still managing to prop his bitch set up. So you're carbon off-setting are you - with whose money?

Anyway, why is his argument flawed. Sure we have to keep innovating but its the scientist who are going to be doing this, and the scientist are telling us to stop flying. This is his wing-on-a-prayer lifestyle again.

And why long term is flying bad - its to do with the rate of consumption. Planes embody a type of human activity that is so far from the Earth's ability to replenish. The planet has an energy clock, it ebbs and flows with the grander motions (tides, seasons, earthquakes, volcanoes, life itself) releasing and trapping energy, that in the end originates from the sun (minus the chemical energy locked in the chemicals that formed this mighty rock). So while Hawkins is telling us we have to colonise other planets, (and I would love to be around when this happens) it does not mean that bitches like Blair should be telling us what pace to live at. There is practically no science to suggest our consumption rates are even close to being sustainable. We have to jam on the breaks in a serious way. It does not help when The Big Grinning Idiot goes and says stuff like he did today. It negates all the conviction sane people are demonstrating. All the scientist working on nuclear fission, wind and solar power, all the people looking for ways to consume less while still getting essential jobs done. All the positive energy in society mocked by the one we pay to coordinate problem resolution from the center. (He of course also started a war to secure oil supplies - there will be no doubt of this when history knocks on your door Mr T).

Sometimes I wonder if the new style of politics aims to gain mind space by pissing reasonable people off. Are Bush and Blair really this stupid. Either they have a genius I cannot even begin to comprehend or they are the village idiots they appear to be. Eureka, maybe that's how it works - they appeal to religious nuts by enfuriating rational people.

Bush, I am sure belongs in some cesspit and should be left their to rot. Blair needs the good hiding his prefect chums would have dished out to his public school arse. Of course the bat would be applied in Baghdad by the millions of hearts and minds he's won over with his well planned invasion.

There is a simple political reason why Blair said what he did today. Its politcal balancing. A junior minister dared to criticize Ryanair yesterday so he has to pull things back the other way. It becomes clearer and clearer we live in an American plutocracy; we have ourselves to blame.

Anyway, its good to end missives like this on a crisp note, so I'll hedge my bets and say that the current UK Prime Minister is a total dick head. A bitch, egomaniac, who I cannot wait for some rational leadership to replace. I am tired of his tricks, grin, self-centered mission of personal agrandiosement. I will celebrate when he is removed and watch closely as his career nosedives as we all get time to realise what a depressing mess he has created.

Poodle boy, your time is up, history will not be your friend - you can play with your cronies (read Murdoch) and spin your yarns but there are millions of bloggers now who find it very easy to see past the facade.

[Seems other people have put this argument more eloquently].

Apocalypto

This film focuses on tone, that of the brutal oppression of a 'peaceful' Amazonian tribe by the Aztecs. The brutality is stunning, you really feel part of the film. Its 18 rated because of the gore, ripping still beating hearts out of human sacrifices and then throwing their severed heads and bodies down temple steps are just part of the blood bath. With the director being Mel Gibson I was suspicious of some religious undertone, or Christian historical interpretation. If it was there I could not spot it. There might have been an environmental message with the end of an empire being caused by failing crops and over consumption.

But wait, yes there was a religious message. A major theme was about fear and how it is a disease. If a society lives in fear with becomes self-destructive. Only our running man pictured above develops the self belief to continue his culture. True he gets lucky being saved by a series of highly improbable events (won't give them away - he is fulfilling a prophecy).

This brought me back to my Tarzan days, and knowing the format I could predict the next scene pretty easily. It got all the old apeman juices flowing though, and Mr Gibson I thank you for that.

I have to say I loved it. I can't see it being a box office hit simple because the sensibilities against the violence will possible be too great. Stomach it, its likely this time was as violent as portrayed so we should see that. Of course the destruction the indigenous were inflicting on each other is nothing compared to what the Spanish subjected them to.

And perhaps if we were really hunting for a message it could be about conquering powers and possible US and UK antics in our current times. Shameful stuff. At least the leaders of these armies had the guts to see the destruction they were causing. I doubt whether Mr Blair's grin would survive him seeing the damage he's sent UK troops to inflict.

Shopping. Oh Joy.

Ah, shopping, always been my favourite activity. Aside from the consumerism that I try to stay on the humble side of, there is the decision-making.

Physical shopping, i.e. shops on High Streets and out-of-town parks; well if I were to draw hell that would be my personal incarnation. I have found recently that I am practically blind in a crowd, I see no one. I stare at feet and hair simple to avoid collisions. Every advert I see I analyse to find the specific weakness a particular company is preying on.

And the Internet, well I though we would have arrived at a more metric-like system by now...and to a certain extent we are arriving at some semblance of this. It is complicated though.

At the top of the stack (the trust layer) there are three forms of web site:

1. Those that gather user feedback or reviews. Amazon, Kelkoo etc seem to be ahead of the game in this aspect
2. Then there is the professional 'watch dog' type sites like Which? I quickly found that this approach is seriously flawed - everything recommended in 'Best buys' is out of stock. Still it helps find the respectable brands (and hopefully keeps them on their toes).
3. The independent reviews. Not many of these but sites like Washerhelp are very informative when it comes to washing machines.
   

Next in the stack are the aggregators like Pricerunner and Kelkoo. These sites scrape prices and product details from suppliers and also importantly provide pretty advanced search engines. In fact the search facilities provided at this level are normally better than the supplier web sites. For example suppliers like KitchenScience don't allow you to find only appliances that are A+ energy efficiency rated.

Then there are the suppliers. You've found what you want and just need to pay for it and arrange delivery or pickup.

So you to-and-fro between these sites. Back and forth. The conscientious trying to buy sustainably, minimise transport, not use non-eco materials etc. You are also checking sizes, weights, costs, delivery times, arggghhhhhh!

One thing that is pretty spectacular is Amazon-like recommendation and category browsing. It happened so many times that I think I know what I want but then their engine shows me something better. Hours of fun putting things in your basket only to take them out.

And don't even mention eBay complications! Do I trust the vendor, what am I not thinking about with this product i.e. from the image and description. How much to bid.

These sites do seem to missing a few tricks and be harbouring a few annoyances:

• The image tells you so much, so few sites have good pictures
• Most of the specification provided about products is gobbledygook. What's the point of telling people that a washing machine is 42db? Is this good, bad, how does it compare to other machines, what is the average across all products. Perspective is missing. Too many parameters just confuses. This is especially true for audio-visual equipment
• Some key word searches are not well factored in the systems e.g. soap holder finds little in Amazon but Soap Dish finds loads.
  

The main thing I see is that consumer lead reviews need to be abstracted from suppliers. There needs to be one place to catch all reviews. Consumers would benefit as would the less paranoid suppliers.

Anyway, this is a blog so I'll keep it converted. Shopping on the Internet can actually be pleasurable. For myself I found the process quite technical but I am very picky and hate being ripped off. The killer will be when it all arrives (yes, delivery is the next hassle as I am bound to have to traipse through Oxford gangland to the pathetic post office returned goods stinky room to get the stuff. We'll see though. All in all I am pretty excited by what should be arriving in the near future(ish).

(And not to forget the mother of all web sites - the online bank and your balance.)

Pan's Labyrinth

This is a spectacular film, a narrative that holds stories within stories. No holes barred, it is uncompromising the imagery that communicates the brutal and magical messages. As the film was interpreted by my little brain its about authority and the importance of freedom, creativity and art in a world where rules and sure-thinking is crystalising around everyone (in the form of Nazis encamped in a Spanish mountain). The young Ivana Baquero and Maribel Verdu put in beautiful performances, holding the audience throughout. Guillermo del Toro has pushed the boat out here, if you are not too sqeamish then this is a must-see.

Perhaps due to me reading Richard Dawkin's new book, 'The God Delusion' what I gained most from Pan's Labyrinth is the relationship between science and art and the idea that perhaps that's what the religious texts (e.g. bible, koran) have been an attempt at capturing; and the only mistake is that the authors/ followers thought knowledge had been captured once and forever.

Art provides science with the patterns they can structure data with. Only through the metaphors artist create can we think ourselves into new realms of understanding. We have to hold complex patterns to deal with complex data.

Just a thought.

Casino Royale

Casino Royale is a raw interpretation of Ian Flemming's James Bond novels. The director Martin Cambell has tried to be more faithful to the original stories, making Bond much colder, more like you'd expect an elite-trained soldier to be. Timothy Dalton's character was an attempt at being more faithful to the original story, making Bond more fallible but the franchise had been dominated by the excessively camp Roger Moore for too long and Dalton basically came across as just a comical failure. Daniel Craig is smolders (according to just about every woman who's seen it so far), and the violence and action are more akin to Vin Diesel in XxX. The romance with Eva Green is incongruous but the concept is interesting - two hyper-talented orphans on a mission to higher stakes and bionic performance. Casino Royale is a good new James Bond. Out with the cheese and kitsch and in with a little more realistic portrayal of this State Terrorism we seem to love so much in the UK. We're still kicking arse globally which helps our diminutive British self-esteems shine for a few cinematic moments. The weather is tough you know, stiff upper lip and all that. The scene pictured here with Eva Green is powerful - I won't ruin the film by explaining why.

Friedrich Nietzsche

HOPE is the worst of evils, for it prolongs the torments of man.

1. noun 1 a feeling of expectation and desire for something to happen. 2 a person or thing that gives cause for hope.
2. verb 1 expect and want something to happen. 2 intend if possible to do something.
3. PHRASES hope against hope cling to a mere possibility. hope springs eternal in the human breast proverb it is human nature to always find fresh cause for optimism. not a (or some) hope informal no chance at all.

If you have a boss or leader who made decisions based on hope, would you have confidence in them. Look at the mess Blair and Bush made in Iraq - why did they do this. Its simple, they had a tiny piece of intelligence, they jumped ahead anyway, because that's what pseudo-religious people like them have been brainwashed to do.

Faith, Hope, and all the other sick devices cults use to manipulate people, steal money, build ivory towers, and give the kings their cannon-fodder.

Religion is the most dangerous of all drugs. The pill is taken by continuously jumping in feet first, and chanting "god save me, I am coming to you dear god, I am doing your work."

Of course, some people just want to be good, and can go-meta reading scrupture and believe others are doing the same, so a community of good is forming. But why focus on one set of books, attend one church, hang out with one group of people to do this? Why exclude information, why close the doors if the aim is to be good?

People are strange

Spotted
Originally uploaded by mentalese.

The recent visit to Saltaire and in particular the Charlotte Street Social Center was a real eye opener. This is a picture of the locals that I took undercover with my camera at the start of the night. The characters in this room each had a movie in just their faces. As for The Act, a singer with gags then...

Of course I was mesmerised. A southerner Op North. On enquiry then apparently these Phoenix Nights are quite common and not the invention of Peter Kay.

Fly

oko w oko
Originally uploaded by leniwiec72.

This is where photography comes into its own for me, the so-called 'Macro' shot. We don't see this, we see an average world. Millions of pictures spliced together but here we get one perfect shot. Okay it looks a little staged...

Moving frameworks

Old Tree
Originally uploaded by abozaid.

Everything exists in dimensional space. We form ideas with expressions received through our culture. New expressions are emerging into common langauge that can gather more thought, position ideas better, hold more fruit.

Language is the tree we hang ideas from. Jesus must now be crucified on n-dimensional virtual reality for his association with good to be re-affirmed.

We cannot hang modern ideas from ancient trees.

Half awake

Half asleep. Art. Trance. A Zen moment. When we are all senses and without thought, reasoning instinct, neuro-pharmacologically sublime.

When pictures flow large and whole, unadulterated, unquestioned, uninterpreted.

When we can just stare at something and feel content.

Minds melt. Mine akin water.

Super shorts

I have just been to a super shorts screening in Oxford. It was late, I cycled their through dense fog and the usual soup of Oxford pollution. I was tired. I drifted off to a few of the films in the middle.

There was one film that stood out for me called Days of Sleep, directed by Claire Dix. I am not sure why I liked it, maybe I understood the theme or liked the music. The fruitstand, the gifts, the explosion of needing, the goofy Jananese actor. I think actually it was the music, then the fruit.

These mini-festivals can be a little painful though. What really bugs me is that so many films are being made with absolutely no point to them. I get to the end and just think - why did you spend all that effort making that. Sure I should appreciate the craft involved but you'd think in a world like the one we live in now then someone would have something to say.

It could be a pop wisdom. These people don't want to flatter currupt politicians, psychotic business people with their attention. Could be wise indeed. Maybe I am just old school in thinking they have any relevance at all.

Or maybe these people actually don't have anything to say.

Was it the Beatles that predicted we'd all be making films and music. Well we do all seem to be producing but with so much information how will we find the meaning. How will we attend to meaning when it is so dispersed. Will the machine stop?

National Climate March

I fear I am too tired to go up to London to rally against Exxon and the American Embassy so I will do a virtual march in Blog Space:

http://www.campaigncc.org/

I have blogged about Exxon before - the most short-term profitable company ever.

Of course this marching is illogical and probably pointless or even counter-productive but I wanted to see first-hand what it is about.

My banner would have been:

THIS IS THE MARCH THAT SHOULD HAVE HAPPENED BEFORE IRAQ - ITS ALL ABOUT OIL AND OVERCONSUMPTION.

A tad long obviously but my sentiment is that we can't just rally against war and not stop doing the things that cause war, i.e. ourselves and the way we overconsume. People are so hypocritical and shallow. Some people go I am sure just because they love to show public anger.

I still believe it could be worth going but I am simply too exhausted. Maybe I will go march through Oxford by myself.

The inner puppeteer

All thinking must be the result of movements of matter, thought is physical, energy is being channeled within our minds, by neurones at synaptic junctions (neuro-pharmacology).

All thought must be the result of some form of 'symbolic' re-representation process. Our neurones must be reconfiguring through time and space to conjure networks that allow ourselves to express meaning.

This knowledge in the head is re-presented in the world using various tools and external symbolic representation systems. This allows us to communicate and form intellectual networks.

The mind, devoid of non-mind must be blank, tabla rasa.

Q. Do we wonder through life at random, our destinies wrapped up from birth in some deterministic path, controlled by our genes, our social standing and other large strange attractors.

Q. Is there an inner puppeteer, a spark that is beyond all computation, a human spirit that allows us to select the world we experience, to control the learning we gain of symbolic representation systems. Do we seek the teaching we need?

Q. Does society crystallize around entirely predictable structures that mean we never escape the humdrum we are born with?

We spend our lives trying to look our puppeteer in the eye so that we can try work the strings with him - in unison we are free to explore the world as a whole person. The older we get the harder it is to keep this partnership because those that loose it - the zombies, want to bite us and turn us to stone with their fits of jealousy.

Art and science are the only antidote to these fatal attacks. They remind us that everything is a mystery, there can be no rest - there is not time for complacency and dogma.

Aldous Huxley

A democracy which makes or even effectively prepares for modern, scientific war must necessarily cease to be democratic. No country can be really well prepared for modern war unless it is governed by a tyrant, at the head of a highly trained and perfectly obedient bureaucracy.

I read this a few months ago. It keeps popping back to my thoughts every time I see politicians talk about the latest war (Iraq). Its like tribal times with these people, they smell the hunt then we seem all programmed to align to their blood lust. Its amazing how often the parliamentary executive stifle opinions with threats of disloyalty and misinformation. Why can we not arrest these tyrants?

Here's my problem with Tony Blair. He's blinded by religious faith, a belief system that is centuries out of date. He knows he is out of his depth but carries on anyway because he has been programmed from childhood to think that the feeling of hope is a good thing.

There is only one place we live and that is in reality, there is only one set of rules, one universal truth and it does not care about the Bush - Blair religious vanity and personal insecurities.

I think it was Jeremy Paxman who said the only distinguishable feature of all politicians is that they failed in their preferred walk of life. Blair we know wanted to be a rock star - so now he inflicts these dreams on all of us. I just wish he'd smashed his guitar over the people who have their hands up the Bush-Puppet arse (ignore Bush himself, he's just there to obstruct public scrutiny - his masters know that we won't probe him hard because he triggers such deep senses of either pity or loathing that we are unable to speak our minds in his presence).

Houses

Completed on the 8 Vincent Ave. sale today. Got A&L mortgage agreed. So will redeem mortgage and go down the 'getting the exchange' path on Cricket Road.

Since I am selling and buying in such a short space of time then I will never really get into credit.

Funny how on the face of things we never seem to own anything. Other people always seem to own our money, we're always in debt, renting and being managed by people further up the supply chain.

Anyway, I will own a house so that is nice. My own space.

Lake District

Another batch of pictures have just been uploaded to my Flickr account.

I found a nice tool called JUploader which made the batch upload nice and easy.

I am also starting to get used to using the flickr hyperlinking on comments, favourites, tags and searches to find my "picture network".

Recent thoughts about sustainability

First to clarify, I lump conservation, climate change, pollution and all those types of words under one banner named sustainability. Nature is about harmony, and every time we break this harmony we are living beyond the bounds of sustainability.

I have been very positive about the situation these last few days (maybe still drunk on the Lake District) but I think it is largely because I feel I understand the issues so well now. Also there is no point at all in being down about it. We all have to do something about it, and being depressed and lethargic will never solve any problems. Sure it is very frustrating seeing how most people just don't get it and even take pride in their consumptive habits. This is just about maturity.

So why so positive. Well I actually now think that climate chaos is precisely what we humans need. It is a massive kick up the arse, a real problem at last for Generation X to take on. It will help us see past the trivial issues like the fuss the world's religions are creating. It will help us define ourselves after so many years of extreme change. We must all come together to solve this enormous problem. We can undo the mess Thatcher and Reagan created by encouraging us to be greedy so fragmenting our societies. There is no way we can afford to behave selfishly and get through the next 50 years.

The vindictive elements in me wants to change society slowly so that the sustainable people profit and the Exxon's of the worlds come crashing down like Enron did. I want to wipe those smug business people smiles right off their faces. Those people who think they are so virtuous and innovative with their tacky companies. I want these business psychopaths to realise what they've done and their true worth.

Whether this will happen and the next generation will make it into the next century I do not know. But all we can do is live our own lives with as much energy and integrity as possible. I think their is real joy in the alternatives, and we will find it much easier than we think. Its just a case of realising how vulnerable we really are and not hiding behind oil guzzling machinery.

The Lake District

First let's get that bad stuff out of the way. This English haven for walkers and the out-door types is pretty much inaccessible to those without a car. The roads are very narrow and there are rarely paths through the surrounding farm land so anyone wanting to walk between two towns has to risk their lives with the local S.U.V.s, Land rovers and city-dweller Mercedes. Even the Lake District is an unsustainable playground for the rich. I am sure there is a way to get into the wilderness without using too much oil buts its far from obvious how.

Anyway, less of the rant, the Lake District is an incredible place once you find the footpaths. We walked for hours without seeing a soul. Its like being in a postcard but without the cheesiness. Water is everywhere, streams, lakes, drizzle and waterfalls. The whole landscape is sculptured by blue gold.

And camping, I'd forgotten what a joy it is. If you live in Oxford you really appreciate waking with sweet fresh air in your lungs. Then a quick dash to the showers to freshen up starts the day and gets you ready for the camping stove fun. We did porridge with cranberries and bananas which when accompanied with a big hot cupper set you up beautifully. Hiking out with a belly full of energy is a joyous moment. I noticed we could not stop rabbiting on about all sorts of things. Like those teenage stoned moments without the herb.

I was in an incredible good mood when I got back. Of course the 800+ emails I had to sort through on returning to work had a dampening effect but the inner chi is energised. I just denoted £50 smackers to the WWF (And No! Mr Adsense guys, this is not breaking your rules, I really did just do this!)

Anyway, while I am still dizzy on nature, my message: our cities stink, get out of your cars, turn the TV off, alcohol only subdues your problems...Get out there, natural beauty pisses over anything man-made.

Cricket Road

Is has damp but is a robust house.

This Oxford campaign

Just before I run away for two weeks in Spain I want to reflect a bit on where I am in my research and thinking on dealing with pollution in Oxford.

Well Oxford is still very polluted. I am still frustrated at how hard it is to get information out of local and central government:

• Nothing from John at county council on the LTP
  
• Nothing from Evan Harris my MP
• Nothing from air watch on whether the way air quality measurements have been changed
• Nothing on why the cost of pollution on the economy from central government
  

I think it would be interesting to find out the history of decision-making in terms of roads and traffic have been made over the last 100 years, particuarly how much say the car manufacturers have had. Morris, Rover and now BMWs mini must have powerful sway over decision-making considering revenue and jobs.

I still need to find out specifics about the vulnerable people in Oxford.

I still need to plan my campaign with FOE.

I still need to do the survey to find why people come to Oxford and how they get there.

Rangoli

There seems to be a lead here, rangoli have striking similarities to fractals but were obviously conjured millenia before. I should learn more about the origins.

From looking at wikipedia it seems rangoli refers mostly to the method of art and geometric patterns are not the most common type (mostly images from nature such as peacocks, mango and flowers) but geometric rangoli there are and this seems to be my link.

It seems the swastika is a common motif.

Charles Street

Is damp.

Vincent Ave

has gone.

Future Shorts

Just been to see an eclectic set of films at Oxford's Phoenix Future Shorts banaza:

KROOLI Dir: P.V.Lehtinen Finland 2005
A poetic story of a young, competitive swimmer meeting the world's fastest female swimmer in her dreams.
When you dedicate your whole life to something and realise you've reached your limit, what do you have?
FRIDAY'S CHILD Dir: Dougal Wilson UK 2006
Will Young works his way up to become a swimming champion.
Same song again sung in water.
EATING SAUSAGE Dir: Zia Mandviwalla New Zealand 2004
Su Jung, a recent immigrant to Auckland from Korea, finds release in her weekly swimming lessons. Meanwhile her husband worries that they might be losing their cultural identity.
Its boring being an immigrant and osolated, solace in the tub.
FIVE INCH BATHERS Public Information Film UK 1970
Takes economising water to a whole new level.
Happy man in shower trying to save water.
SHELF LIFE Dir: Charles Hendley UK 2000
Can we live a life of total safety, free from all risks? Or is a death wish lurking within even the most cautious mind?
Die or Y
WRONG Dir: Tom Geens UK 2005
Trapped in his own exile, a man searches for an experience to change his numbing existence.
Man gets too lonely.
KILLING TIME AT HOME Dir: Neil Coslett UK 2003
An imaginative, animated tale of a man's online order for a disposable friend, but what fate awaits such a creature?
Disposable friends.
ACCIDENT REPORT Dir: Guttorm Petterson Norway 1993
A bricklayer gets a lesson in the laws of physics.
Schadenfreund.
TERMINALLY AMBIVALENT OVER YOU Dir: Alex Budovsky UK 2005
Sounding like someone swiped a collection of records from the 1920s, Tuesday Weld creates odd sampling collages with strong hooks and great beats. This time our hero is in prison making gramophones and longing for a loved one.
Black and white with yellow; patterns.
MOJA DOMOVINA Dir: Milos Radovic Yugoslavia 1997
If humour alone could end a war, this would do it.
Calamity at the rail road crossing.
EATING OUT Dir: Simon Teff UK 2004
An appetising comedy about a hold up in a greasy spoon that leads to new acquaintances.
Stunning re-take on pulp fiction couple taking over a restaurant.

The Oxford Local Transport Plan

Letter to Oxford County Council:

Dear John,

Thank you for your response. I am pleased to read there will be more clean buses and this is a small step in the right direction but I have a many other concerns

Please bear with me - this is not my job so I do not have as much time as I want to dedicate to these issues.

1. The LTP was up for review on a public web site, how long was this for, how many people from the public sent in comments, was this a representative sample of people from Oxford? My concern here is that generally I have found using the county, national and oxford government web sites extremely arduous (mostly due to them being PDF dumping grounds and having very poor navigation) so I doubt whether there are more than a handful of people that are even able to work out what you are doing in this area.
2. You say that the county (and I assume Oxford) councils are taking the situation of air pollution in Oxford seriously. Why then is the first mention of any actions in for Oxford on p.183. Why also on this page does it use the language: "Oxford revealed a number of locations where air pollutant levels may have exceeded national air quality objectives" and "The only air quality objective that is exceeded in Oxford is the national objective for the annual mean concentration of nitrogen dioxide..." I am sure you are as aware as I am that Oxford is probably the most polluted city in the whole of the UK. It has consistently been worse than the two other offenders namely Bath and Marylebone High Street. If you are serious about fixing this issue surely it would be more appropriate to use language like: "Oxford has a very serious air pollution problem, it has exceeded all air pollution objectives consistently over the last ten years and has a very serious problem with Nitrogen Oxides. Consequently the levels of Ozone pollution in Oxford are also very serious. Ozone and Nitrogen Oxides are a serious health problem meaning vulnerable people with asthma and heart disease are at a serious risk of being hospitalised or dying and the cost to the NHS is substantial. All cities around the world with levels of Ozone and Nitrogen Oxides on a par with Oxford see increased fatalities in the range thousands people per year. data source:

http://www.airquality.co.uk/archive/reports/cat05/0601311639_Air_Pollution_in_the_UK_2004_-_Part_2_Statistics.pdf

My point here is that it does not help if the people regulating air quality appear NOT to not be taking the issue seriously and especially if they are obscuring the facts. (While Ozone is not a regulated pollutant ("transboundary pollutant") it nevertheless is very high in Oxford and the levels of NOx cannot be ignored as a contributing factor).

3. Why is air pollution or quality only the 4th priority in the transport plan (after congestion, accessibility, and safety. It seems to me that if the local government will solve air pollution by the only way that can every have an effect - which is to drastically reduce the number cars and buses driving around the city then congestion and the other priorities will not be a solved as a consequence.

It seems to me that this is lots of not very innovative steps that are not measurable. With the seriousness of climate change then it is enourmous steps that are needed. It is time to say that bus companies are responsible for the pollution they create. That bus companies MUST share tickets. That cars cannot drive whereever they want and many more streets need closing. Car parks need to be replaced with more parks and sustainable housing. etc.

This report smacks of the same old thing, too little and too late. Oxford has been a serious air quality offender for the last ten years, there has been ample warning, and the measures that have been taken have only ensured traffic flow or tackled congestion and not done anything to make Oxford a more sustainable and healthy city to live in.

As a resident I am ashed to live in the most polluted city in the UK. I was brushed off by the Oxford City Council when I raised this last year. The Guardian:
http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,,1292524,00.html
was rubished by a member of the transport department team. I now see that the governments own statisticss back these findings up so I was right to be appalled.

In short what I need reassuring is that the action plan will produce measurable results in making oxford a cleaner, healthier and more sustainable city. I want to to be reassured that Oxford will stop micro-tinkering and make some bold decisions that will actually have an effect.

My next avenue of research is into any effect the local car manufacturing plants have had on oxford's governance. I dearly hope oxford has stood up to the kinds of commercial corruption that so abhors us when we read about it in stories from America. I very much doubt it, I am sure that Oxford's problems are caused by much more than it being in a low-lying dip in a vale and that there have been priorities given to interests that are far from democratic.

I look forward to your responses,

Regards, Howard Noble